
The star plot is a way of displaying multivariate data. Each observation is represented as a "start" and the length of the rays are made in proportion to the size of that variable.
This is a correlation matrix taken from: http://www.kltprc.net/policynotes/Gifs/Tab_005A_4.gif
This is a type of map that shows correlation over several variables. The diagonal elements within are always equal to 1.0
This similarity matrix shows the temporal similarity of a group of 512 photos and is taken from: http://www.fxpal.com/systems/MediaAnalysis/sim10000.gif
This type of map is a matrix of numbers that represents similarity between data points.
This is a univariate choropleth map of water in the United States taken from: http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/2/28/180px-Choropleth.gif
Univariate choropleth maps display a single set of data.
This is a map of isopachs of the ashfall from the eruption of Cerro Negro taken from: http://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/central_america/nicaragua/cerro_negro/gvn/images/2012neg4.jpg
Isopachs are countour lines that connect points of equal thickness.
This is a picture of isohyets in India taken from: http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80391e/80391E00.GIF
Isohyets on maps are curves that connect points where the function has the same particular value.
This is a picture showing wind directions using isotachs from: http://www.crh.noaa.gov/lmk/soo/research/papfigs/11794pap_fig3.gif
Isotachs are lines of equal wind speed drawn on maps.
This is a flow map courtesty of: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://mundi.net/maps/maps_014/august2000_small.gif&imgrefurl=http://mundi.net/maps/maps_014/&usg=__M47WvQ_xrwevOAxw1coAVBpT-sE=&h=363&w=400&sz=16&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=Z1kQB12E-xPQyM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dflow%2Bmaps%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den
It depicts traffic flow (in terms of voice minutes) between countries. The thicker the line, the more traffic there is.